< > [Additive](index.html)
## Additive Processes
### Introduction
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<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong> AM Process Classification </strong></span>
<ul>
<li>Criteria:
<ul>
<li> application (visual prototyping, functional prototyping, rapid tooling and rapid manufacturing)
<li> initial condition of the processed materials
<li> underlying physical principle
<li> here we follow the <a href = 'http://web.mit.edu.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/2.810/www/files/readings/AdditiveManufacturingTerminology.pdf'> <b>Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing</b>
</a> defined by the <a href = 'https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F42.htm'> <b> ASTM International Committee F42 on AM </b></a>
</ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Challenges in AM ==> Areas of opportunity</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>Build Speed
<ul>
<li>The term <i>rapid prototyping can be somewaht misleading</i>
<li>AM is still slow in comparison to mass production technologies such as <b>injection molding</b>
<li>key motivator for: a) advanced path planning procedures, b) processes that are continuous in nature (CLIP) to one-step holographic processes
</ul>
<li>Mechanical Properties
<ul>
<li> AM products inferior with respect to mechanical properties in many cases compared to subtractive processes.
<li>limited choice of materials
<li>layered production leads to anisotropic parts witht the interface between layers representing maximum residual stress
<li><a href='https://www-emeraldinsight-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/full/10.1108/RPJ-06-2012-0052'>commmercial AM materials comparison - anisotropy</a>
</ul>
<li>Resolution
<li>Multimaterials Parts
</ul>
</div>
###Vat Photopolymerization Processes
<b> Vat photopolymerization </b> is an additive manufacturing process in which liquid photopolymer in a vat is selectively cured by light-activated polymerization. Many of the lithography-based AM approaches (e.g., multiphoton polymerization (2PP), digital light processing (DLP), and stereolithography (SLA)) can be grouped into this category.
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<div>
<div style="margin-left: 2.5%;"><!--honghao start here, ask filipo's help on multiphoton--></div>
<ul>
<li>Techniques
<ul>
<li><u><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="sla/index.html"><strong>Stereolithography</strong></a></span></u></li>
<li><u><strong>[Digital Light Processing/LCD](dlp/index.html)</strong></u></li>
<li><u><strong>[Continuous Liquid Interface Production](clip.pdf)</strong></u></li>
<li><u><strong>[Multiphoton Polymerization](multiphoton-polymerization/index.html)</strong></u></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
### Powder Bed Fusion Processes
<b> Powder bed fusion </b> is an additive manufacturing process in which thermal energy (provided, e.g., by a laser or an electron beam) selectively fuses regions of a powder bed. These processes are used for metals as well as polymers.
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<div style="margin-left: 2.5%;">
<ul>
<li>Techniques
<ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>[Selective Laser Sintering (3D Systems)/Laser Sintering (EOS)](selective-laser-sintering/index.html)</strong></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
### Material & Binder Jetting Processes
<b>Material jetting</b> is an additive manufacturing process in which droplets of build material (such as photopolymer or thermoplastic materials) are selectively deposited. Systems based on inkjet-printing fall into this category.
<b>Binder jetting</b> is an additive manufacturing process in which a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to fuse powder materials.
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<ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>[Inkjet Printing and Printing Inks](inkjet-printing/index.html)</strong></span>
<ul>
<li>Thermal Inkjet Printing</li>
<li>Inkjet-based Lithography (The Polyjet Process)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>[Aerosol Jet Printing](aerosol-jet-printing/index.html)</strong></span>
</li>
</div>
</div>
### 3D Material Extrusion
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<ul>
<li><a href="fdm/index.html"><strong><u>Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)</u></strong></a>
<ul>
<li>Tailoring Materials for FDM</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
###[Sheet Lamination and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)](sheet-lamination-lom/index.html)
<b>Sheet lamination</b> is an additive manufacturing process in which sheets of material are bonded together to form an object.
###[Molding](molding/index.html)
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<div style="margin-left: 2.5%;">
<ul>
<li>Prototyping</li>
<li>Manufacturing</li>
</ul>
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